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| 1850 |
| | | Brazil, historically the world's second largest importer of slaves from Africa, finally bans the slave trade | |
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| 1861 |
| | | At Pavón the provincial troops of Buenos Aires defeat the Argentinian national army, emphatically demonstrating the power of their city | |
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| 1865 |
| | | The Paraguayan dictator Francisco Solano López starts a war against Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay which eventually kills more than half his population | |
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| 1880 |
| | | Buenos Aires is finally accepted as the permanent capital city of Argentina | |
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| 1888 |
| | | The emperor Pedro II frees all the remaining slaves in Brazil without compensating their owners | |
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| 1889 |
| | | A coup removes emperor Pedro II from his throne in Brazil, putting in his place a military dictatorship | |
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| 1894 |
| | | Brazil's first civilian president, Prudente de Morais, is peacefully elected, setting the pattern for the next four decades | |
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| 1906 |
| | | The Great Valparaiso Earthquake damages much of central Chile and is felt from Peru to Buenos Aires | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Coffee replaces sugar as Brazil's main crop, accounting for more than 50% of exports in 1908 | |
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| 1913 |
| | | An underground railway opens in Buenos Aires, the first subway in Latin America | |
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